Harry Potter 2010 Harry Potter Images

Infobox Novel series

name = Harry Potter
books = Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
image =
image_caption = Complete set of the seven books
of the "Harry Potter" series.
author = J. K. Rowling
country = United Kingdom
language = English
genre = Fantasy, Young-adult fiction,
Mystery, Thriller
publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)
Arthur A. Levine Books (US) Raincoast Books (CAN)
pub_date = 30 June 1997 – 21 July 2007
media_type = Print (hardcover and paperback)
Audiobook
''Harry Potter'' is a series of seven fantasy novels written by the British author J. K. Rowling. The books chronicle the adventures of the adolescent wizard Harry Potter and his best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's quandary involving the evil wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents in his quest to conquer the wizarding world and subjugate non-magical people (Muggles). Since the June 30, 1997 release of the first novel ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', retitled ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'' in the United States, the books have gained immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide. The series has also had some share of criticism, including concern for the increasingly dark tone, and the later books, such as ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows,'' may be less suitable for younger children. As of June 2008, the book series has sold more than 400 million copies and has been translated into 67 languages, and the last four books have consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history. A series of many genres, including fantasy and coming of age, it has many cultural meanings and references. Fry, Stephen Living with Harry Potter BBC Radio4, 10 December 2005. which has led to much criticism, as it is primarily considered to be a work of children's literature. There are also many other themes in the series, such as love and prejudice. English-language versions of the books are published by Bloomsbury in the United Kingdom, Scholastic Press in the United States, Allen & Unwin in Australia, and Raincoast Books in Canada. Through 2010, the first six books have been made into films by Warner Brothers; it is the [[List of highest-grossing films#Highest-grossing film series|highest grossing film series of all time so far. The seventh book is being made into two movies which are currently scheduled to be released nearly eight months apart: Part I on November 19, 2010 and the series finale in July 2011. The series also originated much tie-in merchandise, making the Harry Potter brand worth £15 billion.

Plot

.|alt=The Coat of Arms of Hogwarts, featuring scarlet and gold Gryffindor colours with the mascot Lion, yellow and black of Hufflepuff with the symbolic badger, bronze and blue Ravenclaw colours with an eagle, and Slytherin green and silver with a serpent mascot.|link=Hogwarts The novels revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers at the age of eleven that he is a wizard. The main narrative of the novels is set in the years 1991-1998, with significant memories from the year 1976 (Harry's parents' Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) year) and memories from various determinable and undeterminable periods after 1945; though little reference is made to features of any period.

Wizarding world

Flashbacks throughout the series reveal that when Harry was a baby he witnessed his parents' murder by Lord Voldemort who was a dark wizard obsessed with blood purity. For reasons not immediately revealed, Voldemort's attempt to kill Harry rebounds. Voldemort is seemingly killed and Harry survives with only a lightning-shaped mark on his forehead as a memento of the attack. As its inadvertent saviour from Voldemort's reign of terror, Harry becomes a living legend in the wizard world. However, at the orders of his patron, the wizard Albus Dumbledore, the orphaned Harry is placed in the home of his unpleasant Muggle (non-wizard) relatives, who keep him safe but completely ignorant of his true heritage. The first novel in the series, ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' (changed in the U.S. to ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone''), begins near Harry's 11th birthday. Half-giant Rubeus Hagrid reveals Harry's history and introduces him to the wizarding world. With Hagrid's help, Harry prepares for and undertakes his first year of study at Hogwarts. As Harry begins to explore the magical world, the reader is introduced to many of the primary locations used throughout the series. Harry meets most of the main characters and gains his two closest friends: Ron Weasley, a fun-loving member of an ancient, large, happy, but hard-up wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, an obsessively bookish witch of non-magical parentage. Harry also encounters the school's potions master, Severus Snape, who displays a deep and abiding dislike for him. The plot concludes with Harry's second confrontation with Lord Voldemort, who in his quest for immortality, yearns to gain the power of the Philosopher's Stone. The series continues with ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'' describing Harry's second year at Hogwarts. He and his friends investigate a 50-year-old mystery that appears tied to recent sinister events at the school. The novel delves into the history of Hogwarts and a legend revolving around the "Chamber of Secrets", the underground lair of an ancient evil. For the first time, Harry realises that racial prejudice exists in the wizarding world, and he learns that Voldemort's reign of terror was often directed at wizards who were descended from Muggles. Harry is also shocked to learn that he can speak Parseltongue, the language of snakes; this rare ability is often equated with the dark arts. The novel ends after Harry saves the life of Ron's younger sister, Ginny Weasley, by destroying a Basilisk and the diary in which Voldemort saved a piece of his soul (although Harry does not realise this until later in the series). The concept of storing part of one's soul inside of an object in order to prevent death is officially introduced in the sixth novel under the term "horcrux". The third novel, ''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'', follows Harry in his third year of magical education. It is the only book in the series which does not feature Voldemort. Instead, Harry must deal with the knowledge that he has been targeted by Sirius Black, an escaped murderer believed to have assisted in the deaths of Harry's parents. As Harry struggles with his reaction to the dementors—dark creatures with the power to devour a human soul—which are ostensibly protecting the school, he reaches out to Remus Lupin, a Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher with a dark secret. Lupin teaches Harry defensive measures which are well above the level of magic generally shown by people his age. Harry learns that both Lupin and Black were close friends of his father and that Black was framed by their fourth friend, Peter Pettigrew. In this book, another recurring theme throughout the series is emphasised - in every book there is a new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, none of whom lasts more than one school year. In the sixth book, it is implied that the job has actually been jinxed.

Voldemort returns

" – A Café in Edinburgh in which Rowling wrote the first part of Harry Potter|alt="The Elephant House", a small, painted red café where Rowling wrote a few chapters of ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone''. During Harry's fourth year of school, detailed in ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire'', Harry unwillingly participates in the Triwizard Tournament, a dangerous magical contest with the young foreign witches and wizards of visiting schools. An anxious Harry is guided through the tournament by Professor Alastor Moody, who is the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher. The point at which the mystery is unravelled marks the series' shift from foreboding and uncertainty into open conflict as the children are growing up. The novel ends with the resurgence of Voldemort and the death of a student (Cedric Diggory). In the fifth book, ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix'', Harry must confront the newly resurfaced Voldemort. In response to Voldemort's reappearance, Dumbledore re-activates the Order of the Phoenix, a secret society which works from Sirius Black's dark family home to defeat Voldemort's minions and protect Voldemort's targets, including Harry. The Order includes many of the adults Harry trusts, including Remus Lupin, Sirius Black, and members of the Weasley family, but also some surprising members; the loyalties of some characters are not so obvious. Despite Harry's description of Voldemort's recent activities, the Ministry of Magic and many others in the magical world refuse to believe that Voldemort has returned. In an attempt to counter and eventually discredit Dumbledore, who along with Harry is the most prominent voice in the Wizarding World attempting to warn of the Dark Lord's return, the Ministry appoints Dolores Umbridge as the High Inquisitor of Hogwarts. She transforms the school by a dictatorial regime and refuses to allow the students to learn ways to defend themselves against dark magic. and Harry discovers that he and Voldemort have a painful connection, allowing Harry to view some of Voldemort's actions telepathically. In the novel's climax, Harry and his school friends face off against Voldemort's Death Eaters, who include the rich and arrogant Malfoy family. The timely arrival of members of the Order of the Phoenix saves the children's lives and allows many of the Death Eaters to be captured and imprisoned. In ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'', the protagonists, who are in their sixth year, have passed their OWLs and start on their specialist NEWT courses. Voldemort is leading another wizarding war, which has become so violent that even Muggles have noticed some of its effects. Although Harry and friends are relatively protected from that danger at Hogwarts, they are subject to all the difficulties of adolescence. At the beginning of the novel, he stumbles upon an old potions textbook filled with annotations and recommendations signed by a mysterious writer, the Half-Blood Prince. While the shortcuts written in the book help Harry to excel at potions, he eventually learns to mistrust the anonymous writer's spells. Harry also takes private tutoring with Albus Dumbledore, who shows him various memories concerning the early life of Voldemort. These reveal that Voldemort's soul is splintered into a series of horcruxes, evil enchanted items hidden in various locations. Harry's snobbish adversary, Draco Malfoy, attempts to attack Dumbledore, and the book culminates in the killing of Dumbledore by Professor Snape. ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', the last book in the series, begins directly after the events of the sixth book. Voldemort has completed his ascension to power and gains control of the Ministry of Magic. Harry, Ron, and Hermione drop out of school so that they can find and destroy Voldemort's remaining horcruxes. To ensure their own safety as well as that of their family and friends, they are forced to isolate themselves. As they search for the horcruxes, the trio learn details about Dumbledore's past, as well as Snape's true motives. The book culminates in the Battle of Hogwarts. Harry, Ron, and Hermione, in conjunction with members of the Order of the Phoenix and many of the teachers and students, defend Hogwarts from Voldemort, his Death Eaters, and various magical creatures. Several major characters are killed in the first wave of the battle and Voldemort resumes his intention to kill Harry. In an effort to save the survivors, Harry surrenders himself but the battle resumes as the parents of many Hogwarts students, residents of the nearby village Hogsmeade and other magical creatures arrive to reinforce the Order of the Phoenix. With the last horcrux destroyed, Harry finally faces Voldemort. Harry offers the Dark Lord a chance at remorse, but Voldemort ignores this and attempts to kill Harry one final time; resulting in Voldemort's death by his own hand. An epilogue describes the lives of the surviving characters and the effects on the wizarding world.

Supplementary works

Rowling has expanded the Harry Potter universe with several short books produced for various charities. In 2007, Rowling composed seven handwritten copies of ''The Tales of Beedle the Bard'', a collection of fairy tales that is featured in the final novel, one of which was auctioned to raise money for the Children's High Level Group, a fund for mentally disabled children in poor countries. The book was published internationally on 4 December 2008.

cite web|title=

JK Rowling Fairy Tales To Go On Sale For Charity|work=ANI|year=2008|url=http://living.oneindia.in/insync/2008/harry-potter-jk-rowling-charity-020808.html
accessdate=2 August 2008

Structure and genre

The ''Harry Potter'' novels fall within the genre of fantasy literature; however, in many respects they are also bildungsromans, or coming of age novels. and each book is constructed in the manner of a Sherlock Holmes-style mystery adventure. The stories are told from a third person limited point of view with very few exceptions (such as the opening chapters of ''Philosopher's Stone'' and ''Deathly Hallows'' and the first two chapters of ''Half-Blood Prince''). In the middle of each book, Harry struggles with the problems he encounters, and dealing with them often involves the need to violate some school rules—the penalties, in case of being caught out, being disciplinary punishments set out in the Hogwarts regulations (in which the ''Harry Potter'' books follow many precedents in the boarding school sub-genre). In the aftermath, he learns important lessons through exposition and discussions with head teacher and mentor Albus Dumbledore. In the final novel, ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', Harry and his friends spend most of their time away from Hogwarts, and only return there to face Voldemort at the dénouement.

Themes

According to Rowling, a major theme in the series is death: "My books are largely about death. They open with the death of Harry's parents. There is Voldemort's obsession with conquering death and his quest for immortality at any price, the goal of anyone with magic. I so understand why Voldemort wants to conquer death. We're all frightened of it." Academics and journalists have developed many other interpretations of themes in the books, some more complex than others, and some including political subtexts. Themes such as normality, oppression, survival, and overcoming imposing odds have all been considered as prevalent throughout the series. While the books could be said to comprise many other themes, such as power/abuse of power, love, prejudice, and free choice, they are, as J. K. Rowling states, "deeply entrenched in the whole plot"; the writer prefers to let themes "grow organically", rather than sitting down and consciously attempting to impart such ideas to her readers. Along the same lines is the ever-present theme of adolescence, in whose depiction Rowling has been purposeful in acknowledging her characters' sexualities and not leaving Harry, as she put it, "stuck in a state of permanent pre-pubescence".

cite news

url=http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/1999/0299-guardian-carey.htm|publisher=Quick-Quote-Quill |title=About the Books: transcript of J.K. Rowling's live interview on Scholastic.com|date=16 February 1999|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20040110094409/http://www.quick-quote-quill.org/articles/1999/0299-guardian-carey.htm|archivedate=13 May 2010|accessdate=28 July 2008
Rowling said that, to her, the moral significance of the tales seems "blindingly obvious". The key for her was the choice between what is right and what is easy, "because that ... is how tyranny is started, with people being apathetic and taking the easy route and suddenly finding themselves in deep trouble."

Origins and publishing history

.|alt=J.K. Rowling, a blond, blue-eyed woman, who is the author of the series.|link=J.K. Rowling In 1990, J. K. Rowling was on a crowded train from Manchester to London when the idea for Harry suddenly "fell into her head". Rowling gives an account of the experience on her website saying: Rowling completed ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' in 1995 and the manuscript was sent off to several prospective agents. ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' was published by Bloomsbury, the publisher of all ''Harry Potter'' books in the United Kingdom, on 30 June 1997. Fearing that American readers would not associate the word "philosopher" with a magical theme (although the Philosopher's Stone is alchemy-related), Scholastic insisted that the book be given the title ''Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone'' for the American market. The second book, ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'' was originally published in the UK on 2 July 1998 and in the US on 2 June 1999.

Translations

The series has been translated into 67 languages, Some of the translators hired to work on the books were well-known authors before their work on ''Harry Potter'', such as Viktor Golyshev, who oversaw the Russian translation of the series' fifth book. The Turkish translation of books two to seven was undertaken by Sevin Okyay, a popular literary critic and cultural commentator. The United States editions of the ''Harry Potter'' novels have required the adaptation of the texts into American English, as many words and concepts used by the characters in the novels may have not been understood by a young American audience.

Completion of the series

In December 2005, Rowling stated on her web site, "2006 will be the year when I write the final book in the ''Harry Potter'' series." Rowling herself has stated that the last chapter of the final book (in fact, the epilogue) was completed "in something like 1990".

Achievements

in Newark, Delaware for the midnight release of ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''.|alt=A large crowd of fans wait outside of a Borders store in Delaware, waiting for the release of ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince''.|link=Harry Potter fandom

Cultural impact

Fans of the series were so eager for the latest instalment that bookstores around the world began holding events to coincide with the midnight release of the books, beginning with the 2000 publication of ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire''. The events, commonly featuring mock sorting, games, face painting, and other live entertainment have achieved popularity with Potter fans and have been highly successful in attracting fans and selling books with nearly nine million of the 10.8 million initial print copies of ''Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince'' sold in the first 24 hours.

cite news

url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/article545338.ece|publisher=Times Online|title=Harry Potter casts spell at checkouts|date=18 July 2005|accessdate=29 July 2008|last=Freeman|first=Simon | location=London

cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/4692093.stm|publisher=BBC

title=Potter book smashes sales records|date=18 July 2005|accessdate=29 July 2008
. The final book in the series, ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'' became the fastest selling book in history, moving 11 million units in the first twenty-four hours of release

Awards and honours

The ''Harry Potter'' series have been the recipients of a host of awards since the initial publication of ''Philosopher's Stone'' including four Whitaker Platinum Book Awards (all of which were awarded in 2001),

Commercial success

The popularity of the ''Harry Potter'' series has translated into substantial financial success for Rowling, her publishers, and other ''Harry Potter'' related license holders. This success has made Rowling the first and thus far only billionaire author. The great demand for Harry Potter books motivated the ''New York Times'' to create a separate bestseller list for children's literature in 2000, just before the release of ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire''. By 24 June 2000, Rowling's novels had been on the list for 79 straight weeks; the first three novels were each on the hardcover bestseller list.

Criticism, praise, and controversy

Literary criticism

Early in its history, ''Harry Potter'' received positive reviews. On publication, the first volume, ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', attracted attention from the Scottish newspapers, such as ''The Scotsman'', which said it had "all the makings of a classic", and ''The Glasgow Herald'', which called it "Magic stuff". Soon the English newspapers joined in, with more than one comparing it to Roald Dahl's work: ''The Mail on Sunday'' rated it as "the most imaginative debut since Roald Dahl", a view echoed by ''The Sunday Times'' ("comparisons to Dahl are, this time, justified"), while ''The Guardian'' called it "a richly textured novel given lift-off by an inventive wit". By the time of the release of the fifth volume, ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix,'' the books began to receive strong criticism from a number of literary scholars. Yale professor, literary scholar and critic Harold Bloom raised criticisms of the books' literary merits, saying, "Rowling's mind is so governed by clichés and dead metaphors that she has no other style of writing." The critic Anthony Holden wrote in ''The Observer'' on his experience of judging ''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'' for the 1999 Whitbread Awards. His overall view of the series was negative—"the Potter saga was essentially patronising, conservative, highly derivative, dispiritingly nostalgic for a bygone Britain", and he speaks of "pedestrian, ungrammatical prose style". By contrast, author Fay Weldon, while admitting that the series is "not what the poets hoped for", nevertheless goes on to say, "but this is not poetry, it is readable, saleable, everyday, useful prose". Stephen King called the series "a feat of which only a superior imagination is capable", and declared "Rowling's punning, one-eyebrow-cocked sense of humour" to be "remarkable". However, he wrote that despite the story being "a good one", he is "a little tired of discovering Harry at home with his horrible aunt and uncle", the formulaic beginning of all seven books.

Social impacts

Although ''Time'' magazine named Rowling as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year award, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fandom, Librarian Nancy Knapp pointed out the books' potential to improve literacy by motivating children to read much more than they otherwise would.

cite journal

last=Knapp|first=N.F.|year=2003|title=In Defense of Harry Potter: An Apologia|journal=School Libraries Worldwide
publisher=International Association of School Librarianship|volume=9|issue=1|pages=78–91
url=http://www.iasl-online.org/files/jan03-knapp.pdf|accessdate=14 May 2009
Agreeing about the motivating effects, Diane Penrod also praised the books' blending of simple entertainment with "the qualities of highbrow literary fiction", but expressed concern about the distracting effect of the prolific merchandising that accompanies the book launches. Jennifer Conn used Snape's and Quidditch coach Madam Hooch's teaching methods as examples of what to avoid and what to emulate in clinical teaching, Jenny Sawyer wrote in 25 July 2007 ''Christian Science Monitor'' that the books represent a "disturbing trend in commercial storytelling and Western society" in that stories "moral center have all but vanished from much of today's pop culture ... after 10 years, 4,195 pages, and over 375 million copies, J. K. Rowling's towering achievement lacks the cornerstone of almost all great children's literature: the hero's moral journey". Harry Potter, Sawyer argues, neither faces a "moral struggle" nor undergoes any ethical growth, and is thus "no guide in circumstances in which right and wrong are anything less than black and white". In an 8 November 2002 ''Slate Magazine'' article, Chris Suellentrop likened Potter to a "trust-fund kid whose success at school is largely attributable to the gifts his friends and relatives lavish upon him". Noting that in Rowling's fiction, magical ability potential is "something you are born to, not something you can achieve", Suellentrop wrote that Dumbledore's maxim that "It is our choices that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities" is hypocritical, as "the school that Dumbledore runs values native gifts above all else".

cite web | url=http://www.slate.com/?id=2073627| title=Harry Potter: Fraud | author= Suellentrop, Chris

accessdate= 16 April 2008 | publisher= ''Slate Magazine''|date=8 November 2002
In a 12 August 2007 ''New York Times'' review of ''The Deathly Hallows'', however, Christopher Hitchens praised Rowling for "unmooring" her "English school story" from literary precedents "bound up with dreams of wealth and class and snobbery", arguing that she had instead created "a world of youthful democracy and diversity".

Controversies

The books have been the subject of a number of legal proceedings, stemming either from claims by American Christian groups that the magic in the books promotes witchcraft among children, or from various conflicts over copyright and trademark infringements. The popularity and high market value of the series has led Rowling, her publishers, and film distributor Warner Bros. to take legal measures to protect their copyright, which have included banning the sale of ''Harry Potter'' imitations, targeting the owners of websites over the "Harry Potter" domain name, and suing author Nancy Stouffer to counter her accusations that Rowling had plagiarised her work. The books also aroused controversies in the literary and publishing worlds. In 1997 to 1998 ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' won almost all the UK awards judged by children, but none of the children's book awards judged by adults, In 2000, shortly before the publication of ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire'', the previous three ''Harry Potter'' books topped the ''New York Times'' fiction best-seller list and a third of the entries were children's books. The newspaper created a new children's section covering children's sections, including both fiction and non-fiction, and initially counting only hardback sales. The move was supported by publishers and booksellers.

Audiobooks

The Harry Potter books have all been released on unabridged audiobook. The UK versions are read by Stephen Fry and the US versions are read by Jim Dale. Dale is also the narrator for the special features disc on the DVDs.

Films

In 1998, Chris Columbus declined to direct ''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'', only acting as producer. Mexican director Alfonso Cuarón took over the job, and after shooting in 2003, the film was released on 4 June 2004. Due to the fourth film beginning its production before the third's release, Mike Newell was chosen as the director for ''Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire'', In March 2008, Warner Bros. announced that the final instalment of the series, ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', would be released in two film segments, Part I on November 19, 2010 and Part II in July, 2011. David Yates returned to direct and production of both parts started in February 2009. The final day of filming took place on Saturday 12 June 2010. The ''Harry Potter'' films have been top-rank box office hits, with all six current releases on the list of highest-grossing films worldwide. Opinions of the films are generally divided among fans, with one group preferring the more faithful approach of the first two films, and another group preferring the more stylised character-driven approach of the later films.

Games

There are eight ''Harry Potter'' video games which correspond with the films and books. The games are produced by Electronic Arts, with the game version of the first entry in the series, ''Philosopher's Stone'', being released in November 2001. The games are released to coincide with the films, containing scenery and details from the films as well as the books. Objectives usually occur in and around Hogwarts, along with various other magical areas. The story and design of the games follows the selected film's characterisation and plot; EA worked closely with Warner Brothers to include scenes from the films. The last game in the series, ''Deathly Hallows'', was split with released in November 2010 and debuting on consoles in July 2011. The two-part game forms the first entry to convey an intense theme of action and violence, with the gameplay revolving around a third-person shooter style format.

Theme park

After the success of the films and books, Universal and Warner Brothers announced they would create "The Wizarding World of Harry Potter" theme park at Universal Orlando in Florida. A soft opening was held at the end of March 2010, with the park opening again on 16 June 2010 for reserved guests. The park was officially opened to the public on 18 June 2010. The entrance is through a recreated version of the Hogsmeade station, Every shop and restaurant is themed – Honeydukes sell sweets, such as chocolate frogs and 'Bertie Bott's Every-Flavour Beans', Ollivander's offer magic wands, Zonko's joke shop sell various items including Sneakoscopes and the Three Broomsticks serves food and drink, most notably Butterbeer.

References

External links

J. K. Rowling's personal website
Harry Potter movies – Official website (Warner Bros.)
Harry Potter on Bloomsbury.com (International publisher)
Harry Potter on Scholastic.com (US publisher)
Harry Potter on Raincoast.com (Canadian publisher)